hybrid warfare definition nato

National Security Advisers meet at NATO Headquarters, NATO Deputy Secretary General to speak on Countering Hybrid Threats, Secretary General participates in Hybrid Centre of Excellence inauguration with Finnish leaders and EU High Representative, Remarks by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg at the Inauguration of the Helsinki Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats, with EU High Representative Federica Mogherini. "It starts with investment in both our conventional forces which are so important to effect deterrence and in those new capabilities needed to address the challenges that lay ahead,"he said. While ‘hybrid warfare’ is a term very present in top policy-makers’ soundbites, among the staff and at national levels within NATO, the term is dismissed and consciously avoided. In the past several years there has been a noticeable increase in the range and intensity of Russian hybrid warfare attacks. NATO and the European Union (EU) are working on strategies to strengthen defensive capabilities and prevent hybrid attacks. It was inaugurated in October 2017 by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, together with European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy/Vice-President of the European Commission Federica Mogherini. In the words of one NATO/ACT official, the task is to “paint the face on the faceless enemy”3 and to develop the hybrid threat concept, as well as examine viable and effective strategies to meet hybrid threats. If the new threat is so complex, political, and subtle, shouldn’t the response be the same? Hybrid warfare often exists in a gray area between war and peace, ... NATO’s eastern flank by targeting ethnic Russian minorities. What is new about attacks seen in recent years is their speed, scale and intensity, facilitated by rapid technological change and global interconnectivity. As part of their increasingly closer cooperation, NATO and the EU have stepped up their cooperation on dealing with hybrid threats, with a special focus on countering cyber attacks. While there is no single perception of what ‘hybrid warfare’ is, the focus is on concrete responses to threats posed by Russia and, to a lesser extent, ISIL. Hybrid threats combine military and non-military as well as covert and overt means, including disinformation, cyber attacks, economic pressure, deployment of irregular armed groups and use of regular forces. Deputy Secretary General Rose Gottemoeller welcomed European Commissioner for the Security Union Sir Julian King to NATO on Thursday (14 March 2019), for talks on how NATO and the EU can work more closely together to counter hybrid warfare. Hybrid methods of warfare, such as propaganda, deception, sabotage and other non-military tactics have long been used to destabilise adversaries. Since 2015, NATO has had a strategy on its role in countering hybrid warfare. The term hybrid threat refers to an action conducted by state or non-state actors, whose goal is to undermine or harm a target by combining overt and covert military and non-military means. "When‎ leaders meet tomorrow they will agree a plan for NATO's response to emerging and disruptive technology, recognising two new operational domains in space and cyber, and develop plans to confront and deter hybrid tactics," Wallace told an international audience of defense analysts and policymakers. The West’s preoccupation with the Gerasimov doctrine and Russia’s hybrid warfare also obscures the role of Russia’s military power in its foreign and national security policies. Hybrid war breaks down the traditional binary delineation between war and peace. U.S. President Donald Trump landed in London, prepared to decry French President Emmanuel Macron's description of NATO as brain dead. (I analyzed this idea in more depth here.). "(5) Both of these definitions align with Frank Hoffman's vision of hybrid warfare, which is also the most predominantly accepted military BACHMANN, Hybrid Threats, cyber warfare and NATO’s comprehensive approach for countering 21st century threats: mapping the new frontier of global risk and security management. This thesis uses the Williamson Murray and McGregor Knox definitions of Military Revolution (MR) and Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA) in order to determine if hybrid warfare falls under MR or RMA. (I analyzed this idea in more depth here.). Trump wants NATO to be more involved in the Middle East. Hybrid wars are, broadly defined, conflicts involving one or more nonstate actors that nevertheless possess the attributes of a state’s military. There is no official definition of hybrid warfare by NATO; however, it has defined hybrid warfare in its public pronouncements as warfare . Iran fallout deepens rift between America and Europe. However, hybrid warfare as a term itself is a poor descriptor. Amicus Curiae There is a high probability that he will intervene in the Baltics to test NATO's Article 5, putin knows that if he crosses the red line and attacks a Nato ally, he will be defeated. State of art on hybrid warfare in Czech academic cycles 14 4. The Enhanced Cyber Defence Policy was also endorsed in Wales. There is a perception that hybrid warfare is conducted under the threshold of international law, such as Article 51 of UN Charter and Article 5 of NATO, even though the concept does not postulate such a specific understanding. Hybrid warfare can be used to describe the flexible and complex dynamics of the battlespace requiring a highly adaptable and resilient respo The terms hybrid warfare, new generation warfare and grey zone are often used interchangeably to describe the Russian operational approach towards the post-Soviet states or former Soviet republics. . Hybrid Warfare : Fighting Complex Opponents from the Ancient World to the Present by Murray, Williamson & Mansoor, Peter R. 2. Hybrid threats are dealt with more prominently in the Warsaw Summit Communiqué than in the Wales Summit Declaration, and they are now directly linked to cyber threats (paras 71, 72 and 135). The concept features prominently in NATO and EU policy instruments and has informed the United States’ National Security Strategy adopted in December 2017. Hybrid warfare has been in the limelight for more than a decade within the Western strategic discourse. While neither the European Union (EU) nor the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation ( NATO) appear to have a clear definition of this term, both organisations are taking steps to ‘counter . If deterrence should fail, NATO stands ready to defend any Ally against any threat. Wallace stayed away from responding to French President Emmanuel Macrons controversial view that the alliance was “brain dead," but he, like others in NATO, accept the need for continuing change. Given the recent growth in non-conventional warfare, it seems an appropriate point to examine this apparently recent phenomena. 3 Countering hybrid warfare Executive summary The international consensus on ‘hybrid warfare’ is clear: no one understands it, but everyone, including NATO and the European Union, agrees it is a problem. What is new about attacks seen in recent years is their speed, scale and intensity, facilitated by rapid technological change and global interconnectivity. What keeps Britain’s defense secretary up at night? Much is made these days of the new challenge to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) from “hybrid warfare” — the kind of blended military-political-intelligence-economic operations Russia has launched in Ukraine. If the new threat is so complex, political, and subtle, shouldn’t the response be the same? a rather new threat definition and its (temporary) inclusion in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s (NATO) new comprehensive defence approach with a reflection on the last Swedish experiment. The definition encompasses the key elements of hybrid warfare: conventional and non-conventional, blurring of domains and involving elements previously allocated to the unlawful domain. Hybrid warfare is a military strategy which employs political warfare and blends conventional warfare, irregular warfare and cyberwarfare with other influencing methods, such as fake news, diplomacy, lawfare and foreign electoral intervention. On 1 December 2015, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg and then European Union High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Federica Mogherini, announced the launching of a new hybrid warfare program and a new NATO hybrid warfare strategy. To be prepared, NATO continuously gathers, shares and assesses information in order to detect and attribute any ongoing hybrid activity. Hybrid war strategies are always underway, although at certain moments they may become more acute and intense or cross over into conventional combat operations. Hybrid warfare — also known as grey zone conflict or low-intensity conflict — is a reality, and the U.S. military must be ready to confront and deter it, a senior intelligence officer said. the NATO Capstone Concept characterizes hybrid threats as "those posed by adversar-ies, with the ability to simultaneously employ conventional and non-conventional means adaptively in pursuit of their objectives. To this end, NATO forces have to be able to react in a quick and agile way, whenever and wherever needed. Over the last few years, “hybrid warfare” has become firmly established in the Western security lexicon. to NATO Allied Command Transformation (ACT). author and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the NATO Defense College or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It uses a blend of military, economic, diplomatic, criminal, and informational means to achieve desired political goals. Training, exercises and education also play a significant role in preparing to counter hybrid threats. 3.1. This sends a strong signal that the Alliance is improving both its political and military responsiveness and its ability to deploy appropriate forces to the right place at the right time. During the last five years, this slippery concept … (Eds.) What is it?” he added. The Centre is an initiative of the Government of Finland, supported by 23 other nations, as well as NATO and the EU. “One of the things about hybrid war is defining it. Riga, LV1048, Latvia. The first definition of hybrid warfare is given by Hoffman. hybrid warfare use the term to describe the area where regular warfare and irregular warfare intersect and blend to create a new form of warfare. It risks creating the impression that hybrid tactics can exist separately from Russia’s military capabilities. It will deter hybrid attacks on the Alliance and, if necessary, will defend Allies concerned. The period of the Vietnam War from 1962 to 1968 would fit the definition of hybrid war until the Tet Offensive in 1968 when the Viet Cong ceased to exist as a serious military threat. Being prepared to prevent, counter and respond to hybrid attacks, whether by state or non-state actors, is a top priority for NATO. Ukraine sees two paths for joining NATO. A nonlinear war is fought when a state employs conventional and irregular military forces in conjunction with psychological, economic, political, and cyber assaults. Hybrid warfare is a term that sought to capture the blurring and blending of previously separate categories of conflict. “Future Warfare: The Rise of Hybrid Wars.” Phone: +371 26533953. e-mail: info [at] stratcomcoe [dot] org Hybrid methods are used to blur the lines between war and peace, and attempt to sow doubt in the minds of target populations. The Warsaw Summit took place almost two years after the Wales Summit, at which NATO recognised that international law applies to cyberspace and that cyber defence is part of NATO’s core task of collective defence. 23 If properly used, these terms should provide consistency and help prevent misunderstanding. As we shall soon discover, Hybrid Warfare (HW) has much older origins than would first be assumed. NATO will ensure that the Alliance and Allies are sufficiently prepared to counter hybrid attacks in whatever form they may materialise. The definition encompasses the key elements of hybrid warfare: conventional and non-conventional, blurring of domains and involving elements previously allocated to the unlawful domain. Advising NATO on Hybrid Warfare. The reality of hybrid war is ever-changing intensity of conflict. That may take some convincing. Meaning of hybrid warfare. Potential of hybrid warfare 15 5. ... What distinguishes this definition of hybrid warfare from those discussed earlier is the emphasis on non-military methods of conflict and, in particular, Finally, the prospect of both challenges occurring in parallel is considered. By: Andrew Chuter December 3, 2019 . Indeed, while this type of conflict has only been publically labelled in the last decade, the roots can be found… McCuen sees hybrid warfare as using a variety of tools to persuade the domestic population of a targeted state. Hybrid methods of warfare, such as propaganda, deception, sabotage and other non-military tactics have long been used to destabilise adversaries. This article analyzes the emergence of 'hybrid warfare', which blurs the line between military and civilian forms of organization, both in the conduct and the target of warfare. NATO’s response to hybrid threats 18 Bibliography 20 II. Hybrid warfare occupies the uncomfortable middle ground between conventional and unconventional warfare, mixing elements of both in the process. Emerging technologies like hypersonic missiles and quantum‎ computing are changing the threat landscape, the defense secretary said, urging that NATO must to understand the challenges and adapt accordingly. In modern hybrid warfare, the success results for the initiating actor fall to 40% with two ongoing stalemates, but the initiator has less that a coin toss of a chance for a decisive early victory. Hybrid warfare has become a term for modern warfare or for the next war. “Maintain technological edge is the only way we can avoid obsolescence,” he warned. NATO also serves as a hub for expertise, providing support to Allies in areas such as civil preparedness and chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) incident response; critical infrastructure protection; strategic communications; protection of civilians; cyber defence; energy security; and counter-terrorism. Sign up for the Early Bird Brief, the defense industry's most comprehensive news and information, straight to your inbox. . NATO is prepared to assist any Ally against hybrid threats as part of collective defence. One possible definition of hybrid warfare proposed by NATO is war where the objective is achieved by integrating military, paramilitary and civilian measures, trying to influence policymakers and decision-makers. where a wide range of overt and covert military, The term hybrid warfare has no consistent definition but generally refers to deniable and covert actions, supported by the threat or use of conventional and/or nuclear forces, to … Part 1 – ‘Hybrid warfare’ and ‘hybrid threats’ are Other Centres of Excellence contribute to NATO’s efforts to counter hybrid threats, including the Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence in Riga, Latvia; the Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence in Tallinn, Estonia; and the Energy Security Centre of Excellence in Vilnius, Lithuania. hybrid warfare, supplemented by the NATO hybrid warfare playbook, laying out who does what in dealing with complex security threat scenarios that combine militias, cyber-attacks, targeting of critical infrastructure, as well as types of assistance the alliance would provide should a member state come under outside pressure. Countering hybrid threats is a priority for EU-NATO cooperation and the new European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats in Helsinki plays a unique role. Proxy warfare refers to when states influence conflicts without placing their own forces on the ground. Today, the Alliance is faced with a range of challenges. “We must be on the hunt for the next great geopolitical disrupters like climate change, or the next technological advancement that changes the game completely,” he said. There is no fixed definition of hybrid warfare, but it includes elements of cyber and information warfare, economic and political manipulation, and kinetic military action. British military doctrine, in contrast, follows Huber’s definition, and captures hybrid warfare as an aspect of irregu - lar warfare. It uses a blend of military, economic, diplomatic, criminal, and informational means to achieve desired political goals. NATO and EU discuss defence against hybrid warfare. ple, defines hybrid warfare as conflict involving a combination of conventional military forces and irregulars (guerrillas, insurgents, and terrorists), which could include both state and non-state actors, aimed at achieving a common political purpose. By giving us your email, you are opting in to the Early Bird Brief. B. NATO’ S . NATO has a strategy on its role in countering hybrid warfare and stands ready to … ‘hybrid warfare’ and ‘hybrid threats’ to provide further clarity. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) alliance currently faces not only a conventional threat from Russia, but also a more insidious threat—that of hybrid warfare. where a wide range of overt and covert military, Hybrid tactics, which include cyber-attacks, disinformation and economic interference, are increasingly used against NATO and EU member countries. The European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats located in Helsinki, Finland serves as a hub of expertise, assisting participating countries in improving their civil-military capabilities, resilience and preparedness to counter hybrid threats. WWE star tells how Marine Corps service helped her succeed, Money Minute: Student loan repayment and consolidation, Money Minute: Sending cash by mobile apps — convenient, but be careful, https://www.defensenews.com © 2021 Sightline Media Group, NATO’s London meetings are off to a rocky start, The top stories to follow in 2021 - Defense News Weekly, 1.4.21. Definition of hybrid warfare in the Definitions.net dictionary. NATO has a strategy on its role in countering hybrid warfare and stands ready to defend the Alliance and all Allies against any threat, whether conventional or hybrid. Let us be quite clear about that. To deter hybrid threats, NATO is resolved to act promptly, whenever and wherever necessary. Axel Hagelstam of the Finnish Mission to NATO and Kirsti Narinen of the Centre explain. ‘Hybrid warfare’, sometimes known as ‘hybrid threats’, became a trendy buzzword in recent years, used to describe a panoply of seemingly different threats. It also actively counters propaganda – not with more propaganda, but with facts – online, on air and in print. Much is made these days of the new challenge to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) from “hybrid warfare” — the kind of blended military-political-intelligence-economic operations Russia has launched in Ukraine. Search for documents on Hybrid Warfare on the NATO website. News, Official Texts, Opinions) Defending against Hybrid Threats. Hybrid warfare is the effort to achieve strategic objectives without using significant force, the general said. NATO Secretary General's Annual Report 2019 NATO (19 March 2020) See page 29. The Joint Intelligence and Security Division at NATO Headquarters improves the Alliance’s understanding and analysis of hybrid threats. Hard power underpins hybrid warfare. Rather than develop strategies based on ‘hybrid’ challenges (an elusive and catch-all term), I … This includes exercising of decision–making processes and joint military and non-military responses in cooperation with other actors. ... #Communication, #intelligence, #NATO, The link was added 14 September 2020. Linear conflicts are defined by a sequential progression of a planned strategy by opposing sides, whereas nonlinear conflict is the simultaneous deployment of multiple, complementary military and non-military warfare tactics. One of Mattis, James N., and Frank G. Hoffman. A strategy and actionable implementation plans on NATO’s role in countering hybrid warfare … The hybrid warfare is an unstructured form of war, used by States, An analyst looks at code in the malware lab of a cyber security defense lab. Recognizing Russia would stand little chance of winning a protracted conventional conflict with NATO, Moscow seeks instead to pursue its interests without overt use of military power if possible. Will either work? London Declaration. It continues to increase the readiness and preparedness of its forces, and has strengthened its decision-making process and its command structure as part of its deterrence and defence posture. Hybrid warfare is a term that sought to capture the blurring and blending of previously separate categories of conflict. The Alliance has developed a strategy on its role in countering hybrid warfare to help address these threats. the NATO Capstone Concept characterizes hybrid threats as "those posed by adversar-ies, with the ability to simultaneously employ conventional and non-conventional means adaptively in pursuit of their objectives. McCuen sees hybrid warfare as using a variety of tools to persuade the domestic population of a targeted state. When Dr Andrew Mumford published Proxy Warfare in 2013, one reviewer called it “an important contribution to our understanding of war” (Professor James Wirtz, the Dean of the US Naval Postgraduate School). Hybrid warfare. By combining kinetic operations with subversive efforts, the aggressor intends to avoid attribution or retribution. 4 It economizes the use of force. Russia is disturbing the peace, and NATO countries must combat its hybrid strategy, the alliance’s supreme allied commander for Europe said., ... NATO Moves to Combat Russian Hybrid Warfare … The Alliance supports Allies’ efforts to identify national vulnerabilities and strengthen their own resilience, if requested. Hybrid CoE Hybrid CoE is an independent, network-based international organisation countering hybrid threats. 3 Part of the conceptual confusion stems from the fact that there is no standard, commonly-accepted definition of hybrid warfare. In July 2018, NATO leaders agreed to set up counter-hybrid support teams, which provide tailored targeted assistance to Allies upon their request, in preparing against and responding to hybrid activities. The term hybrid warfare has no consistent definition but generally refers to deniable and covert actions, supported by the threat or use of conventional and/or nuclear forces, to influence the domestic politics of target countries. A recent experiment raised important issues concerning how NATO does business. Increasing resilience of the Czech Republic to hybrid threats 24 Miroslav Mareš 1. What does hybrid warfare mean? © REUTERS. Russia’s Hybrid War in Ukraine: Breaking the Enemy’s Ability to Resist The Finnish Institute of International Affairs, FIIA report (16 June 2015) NATO and New Ways of Warfare: Defeating Hybrid … Hybrid Warfare as a Strategy. British military doctrine, in contrast, follows Huber’s definition, and captures hybrid warfare as an aspect of irregu - lar warfare. The first definition of hybrid warfare is given by Hoffman. Viewed from this perspective, hybrid warfare … LONDON – NATO will agree on a plan to respond to the new weapons and tactical threat posed by Russia and others when alliance leaders meet here on Dec. 4, British Defence Secretary Ben Wallace said opening the NATO Engages think tank event in London. D. EFINITION. The speed, scale and intensity of hybrid threats have increased in recent years. 21), 2016 Warsaw Summit Declaration (para. The main objective of the analysis is the study of NATO, The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, in its approach to hybrid warfare, as defined by Frank G. Hoffman in “Hybrid Warfare and Challenges”. Hybrid CoE Strategic Analysis 24: Ambiguity in hybrid warfare. After the U.S.-led military intervention in Iraq in 2003, Iran hoped to check the The third and fourth parts address the implications of each challenge for national Defence policy, strategy and capability. Andrew Mumford. This strategy is called a hybrid war, he said, and NATO is coming to grips with the concept. In addition, Centres of Excellence work alongside and contribute knowledge and expertise to the Alliance. Besides, the definitions of some terms that are widely associated with hybrid warfare are provided. Introduction Iranian and Russian versions of “hybrid” or “non-linear” warfare in Iraq and eastern Ukraine have had much in common. NATO continues to strengthen its cooperation and coordination with such partners as Finland, Sweden, Ukraine and the European Union (EU) to counter hybrid threats and enhance resilience. (i.e. They are international research centres that are nationally or multi-nationally funded and staffed. Secondly, it discusses the use of ‘cyber’ in the context of ‘hybrid threats’ before it, thirdly, addresses some implications for Thus, the purpose of this article is to contribute to the understanding the hybrid warfare by developing a perceptional map, which will, if possible, pave the way to new theories by creating taxonomy as a result of Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis. By defencematters; 06 February 2016; 10:58; Over the past two years, NATO has been focused on hybrid warfare. Over the last few years, “hybrid warfare” has become firmly established in the Western security lexicon. The Warsaw Summit took place amidst the persistent migrant crisis in Europe, the ongoing armed conflicts in Syria and Iraq, the partly-frozen armed conflict in Ukraine, and in the aftermath of the so-called ‘Brexit’ referen… Inauguration of Hybrid CoE with NATO Secretary General and EUHR Mogherini - Q&A, NATO Secretary General press point at inauguration of Hybrid CoE, Inauguration of the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats, NATO Deputy Secretary General on countering hybrid threats, 15 FEB 2018, 1/2, Statement on the implementation of the Joint Declaration signed by the President of the European Council, the President of the European Commission, and the Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 2018 Brussels Summit Declaration (para. 72), Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Centre (EADRCC), NATO Public Diplomacy Division’s Co-Sponsorship Grants. Article 5 versions of “ hybrid ” or “ non-linear ” warfare its! 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